C#使用WebSocket实现服务器推送消息至前端
最近做的web项目中,需要服务器直接触发前端显示效果。
思路:服务端后端定时查询数据库数据,建立一个Socket服务端,前端WebSocket模拟http请求连接Socket,长连接接收消息,处理之后在页面上显示。
WebSocket
WebSocket协议是一种双向通信协议,它建立在TCP之上,同http一样通过TCP来传输数据,但是它和http最大的不同有两点:
1、WebSocket是一种双向通信协议,在建立连接后,WebSocket服务器和Browser/UA都能主动的向对方发送或接收数据,就像Socket一样,不同的是WebSocket是一种建立在Web基础上的一种简单模拟Socket的协议;
2、WebSocket需要通过握手连接,类似于TCP它也需要客户端和服务器端进行握手连接,连接成功后才能相互通信。 当Web应用程序调用new WebSocket(url)接口时,Browser就开始了与地址为url的WebServer建立握手连接的过程。
C#后端代码:
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading;
namespace Client
{
public class WebSocket
{
private static Socket listener;
private static Hashtable ht;
private static List<Inform> list = new List<Inform>();
private static string str = string.Format("select * from inform where state = 'true'");
private static DataTable dt = SQLHelper.ExecuteDataTable(str);
//通知类
private class Inform
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public bool State { get; set; }
}
public static void Start()
{
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
{
Inform data = new Inform();
data.Id = int.Parse(dt.Rows[i]["id"].ToString());
data.Name = dt.Rows[i]["name"].ToString();
data.State = bool.Parse(dt.Rows[i]["state"].ToString());
list.Add(data);
}
int port = 9000;//监听端口为9000端口
ht = new Hashtable();//用于存放客户端的连接socket
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
var localEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, port);
listener = new Socket(localEP.Address.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
try
{
listener.Bind(localEP);
listener.Listen(100);
Console.WriteLine("等待客户端连接....");
while (true)
{
Socket clientSocket = listener.Accept(); //接收到客户端的连接
var th = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(Receive));
th.Start(clientSocket);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 线程调用
/// </summary>
private static void Receive(object o)//Socket clientSocket)
{
Socket clientSocket = (Socket)o;
clientSocket.Blocking = true;
IPEndPoint clientipe = (IPEndPoint)clientSocket.RemoteEndPoint;
//Console.WriteLine("[" + clientipe.Address.ToString() + "] Connected");
var key = string.Format("{0}-X-X-{1}", clientipe.Address.ToString(), clientipe.Port);
if (!ht.ContainsKey(key))
{
//将ip地址设置为hashTable的key值 若hashTable中存在该ip地址则不再ht中添加socket以免发送重复数据
ht.Add(key, clientSocket);
}
Console.WriteLine("接收到了客户端:ip" + clientSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "的连接");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int length = clientSocket.Receive(buffer);
clientSocket.Send(PackHandShakeData(GetSecKeyAccetp(buffer, length)));
Console.WriteLine("已经发送握手协议了....");
//接收客户端信息
length = clientSocket.Receive(buffer);
string xm = AnalyticData(buffer, length);
Console.WriteLine("接收到客户端信息:" + xm);
clientSocket.Send(PackData("连接时间:" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
try
{
while (true)
{
//异常客户端
var errLs = new List<object>();
//发送数据
List<Inform> inform_list = new List<Inform>();
DataTable inform_dt = SQLHelper.ExecuteDataTable(string.Format("select * from inform where state = 'true'"));
for (int i = 0; i < inform_dt.Rows.Count; i++)
{
Inform data = new Inform();
data.Id = int.Parse(inform_dt.Rows[i]["id"].ToString());
data.Name = inform_dt.Rows[i]["name"].ToString();
data.State = bool.Parse(inform_dt.Rows[i]["state"].ToString());
inform_list.Add(data);
}
//对比list
var exp = inform_list.Where(a => (!list.Exists(t => t.Id.Equals(a.Id) && t.State == a.State))).ToList();
//如果数据发生了变化,则发送
if (exp.Count() > 0)
{
var sendRet = (from a in exp
select new
{
inform_id = a.Id,
inform_name = a.Name,
inform_state = a.State
}).ToList();
string ret = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(sendRet);
Console.WriteLine("发送数据:“" + ret + "” 至客户端....");
//遍历hashTable中的数据获取Socket发送数据
foreach (DictionaryEntry de in ht)
{
try
{
var sc = (Socket)de.Value;
sc.Send(PackData_new(ret));
list = inform_list;//inform_list.GetRange(0, inform_list.Count);
byte[] back = new byte[1024];
try
{
//接收客户端信息
int back_length = sc.Receive(back);
xm = AnalyticData(back, back_length);
if (back_length == 0)
{
errLs.Add(de.Key);
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
errLs.Add(de.Key);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Num:{0} err:{1}", ht.Count, e);
errLs.Add(de.Key);
}
}
}
//删除hashTable中的异常客户端数据
if (errLs != null && errLs.Any())
{
foreach (var item in errLs)
{
ht.Remove(item);
}
}
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
catch (SocketException e)
{
//去除字典
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
catch (System.ObjectDisposedException e)
{
//去除字典
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 打包握手信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="secKeyAccept">Sec-WebSocket-Accept</param>
/// <returns>数据包</returns>
private static byte[] PackHandShakeData(string secKeyAccept)
{
var responseBuilder = new StringBuilder();
responseBuilder.Append("HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols" + Environment.NewLine);
responseBuilder.Append("Upgrade: websocket" + Environment.NewLine);
responseBuilder.Append("Connection: Upgrade" + Environment.NewLine);
responseBuilder.Append("Sec-WebSocket-Accept: " + secKeyAccept + Environment.NewLine + Environment.NewLine);
//如果把上一行换成下面两行,才是thewebsocketprotocol-17协议,但居然握手不成功,目前仍没弄明白!
//responseBuilder.Append("Sec-WebSocket-Accept: " + secKeyAccept + Environment.NewLine);
//responseBuilder.Append("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat" + Environment.NewLine);
return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseBuilder.ToString());
}
/// <summary>
/// 生成Sec-WebSocket-Accept
/// </summary>
/// <param name="handShakeBytes"></param>
/// <param name="bytesLength"></param>
/// <returns>Sec-WebSocket-Accept</returns>
private static string GetSecKeyAccetp(byte[] handShakeBytes, int bytesLength)
{
//客户端握手信息
string handShakeText = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(handShakeBytes, 0, bytesLength);
string key = string.Empty;
Regex r = new Regex(@"Sec\-WebSocket\-Key:(.*?)\r\n");
Match m = r.Match(handShakeText);
if (m.Groups.Count != 0)
{
key = Regex.Replace(m.Value, @"Sec\-WebSocket\-Key:(.*?)\r\n", "$1").Trim();
}
byte[] encryptionString = SHA1.Create().ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(key + "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"));
return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptionString);
}
/// <summary>
/// 解析客户端数据包
/// </summary>
/// <param name="recBytes">服务器接收的数据包</param>
/// <param name="recByteLength">有效数据长度</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string AnalyticData(byte[] recBytes, int recByteLength)
{
if (recByteLength < 2) { return string.Empty; }
bool fin = (recBytes[0] & 0x80) == 0x80; // 1bit,1表示最后一帧
if (!fin)
{
return string.Empty;// 超过一帧暂不处理
}
bool mask_flag = (recBytes[1] & 0x80) == 0x80; // 是否包含掩码
if (!mask_flag)
{
return string.Empty;// 不包含掩码的暂不处理
}
int payload_len = recBytes[1] & 0x7F; // 数据长度
byte[] masks = new byte[4];
byte[] payload_data;
if (payload_len == 126)
{
Array.Copy(recBytes, 4, masks, 0, 4);
payload_len = (UInt16)(recBytes[2] << 8 | recBytes[3]);
payload_data = new byte[payload_len];
Array.Copy(recBytes, 8, payload_data, 0, payload_len);
}
else if (payload_len == 127)
{
Array.Copy(recBytes, 10, masks, 0, 4);
byte[] uInt64Bytes = new byte[8];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
uInt64Bytes[i] = recBytes[9 - i];
}
UInt64 len = BitConverter.ToUInt64(uInt64Bytes, 0);
payload_data = new byte[len];
for (UInt64 i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
payload_data[i] = recBytes[i + 14];
}
}
else
{
Array.Copy(recBytes, 2, masks, 0, 4);
payload_data = new byte[payload_len];
Array.Copy(recBytes, 6, payload_data, 0, payload_len);
}
for (var i = 0; i < payload_len; i++)
{
payload_data[i] = (byte)(payload_data[i] ^ masks[i % 4]);
}
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(payload_data);
}
/// <summary>
/// 打包服务器数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">数据</param>
/// <returns>数据包</returns>
private static byte[] PackData(string message)
{
byte[] contentBytes = null;
byte[] temp = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
if (temp.Length < 126)
{
contentBytes = new byte[temp.Length + 2];
contentBytes[0] = 0x81;
contentBytes[1] = (byte)temp.Length;
Array.Copy(temp, 0, contentBytes, 2, temp.Length);
}
else if (temp.Length < 0xFFFF)
{
contentBytes = new byte[temp.Length + 4];
contentBytes[0] = 0x81;
contentBytes[1] = 126;
contentBytes[2] = (byte)(temp.Length & 0xFF);
contentBytes[3] = (byte)(temp.Length >> 8 & 0xFF);
Array.Copy(temp, 0, contentBytes, 4, temp.Length);
}
else
{
// 暂不处理超长内容
}
return contentBytes;
}
/// <summary>
/// 打包服务器数据(处理超长数据)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">数据</param>
/// <returns>数据包</returns>
public static byte[] PackData_new(string message)
{
byte[] contentBytes = null;
byte[] temp = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
if (temp.Length < 126)
{
contentBytes = new byte[temp.Length + 2];
contentBytes[0] = 0x81;
contentBytes[1] = (byte)temp.Length;
Array.Copy(temp, 0, contentBytes, 2, temp.Length);
}
else if (temp.Length < 0xFFFF)
{
contentBytes = new byte[temp.Length + 4];
contentBytes[0] = 0x81;
contentBytes[1] = 126;
contentBytes[2] = (byte)(temp.Length >> 8);
contentBytes[3] = (byte)(temp.Length & 0xFF);
Array.Copy(temp, 0, contentBytes, 4, temp.Length);
}
else
{
contentBytes = new byte[temp.Length + 10];
contentBytes[0] = 0x81;
contentBytes[1] = 127;
contentBytes[2] = 0;
contentBytes[3] = 0;
contentBytes[4] = 0;
contentBytes[5] = 0;
contentBytes[6] = (byte)(temp.Length >> 24);
contentBytes[7] = (byte)(temp.Length >> 16);
contentBytes[8] = (byte)(temp.Length >> 8);
contentBytes[9] = (byte)(temp.Length & 0xFF);
Array.Copy(temp, 0, contentBytes, 10, temp.Length);
}
return contentBytes;
}
}
}
//连接websocket
let ws = new WebSocket("ws://199.168.22.252:9000");
ws.onopen = function (e) {
ws.send('{ws://199.168.22.252:9000}');
};
ws.onmessage = function (e) {
console.log(e)
console.log(e.data);
var data_list = JSON.parse(e.data);
console.log(data_list)
//处理消息,在页面展示内容(自由扩展)
ws.send('1');//发送消息给后台
};
ws.onerror = function (e) {
alert("网络连接错误!");
};
ws.onclose = function (e) {
alert("服务器断开!");
};
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